Not exactly what you are asking, but you might find this interesting...http://www.extremebigboreairrifles.com/http://www.mrhollowpoint.com/6701.html
The economy/convenience of the propellant seems to be a major concern.
Helium, really ups the game. We use it keep the MRI magnet from over heating.
Speed of sound in helium is must higher. Pushing a gas faster than the speed of sound is very hard,sonic choking slows it down. However helium being element number 2 is very small and leaks through everything.I don't think .50 is the upper limit as far as caliber goes. Some lunatic hopefully will make a full bore 1.0 gun.
There are already guns being made at .72 and above, at some point, if you make a big enough hole, bigger isn't going to help. That said, the power some of these guys can produced enough these days is astounding. If someone could/did make a gun that could hold SS speeds to the target I think there would be a serious market, however, I think that the maximum distance in which the pellet can maintain that kind of speed would be fairly short (as it currently is). I can easily achieve SS velocities in my .25 Condor, but there is no reason to do so as it cannot be maintained for distance. I hope someone does prove me wrong though.