I have also had a bolt handle do that once. The threads were so long that when screwed on all the way it came out the other side of the bolt and hit the inside of the breach. put the handle on the bolt out of the gun and check to make sure the other side is flush, or sub-flush.
Does the bolt have a burr or a sharp edge on the back face?.... It may be digging in when under the load of cocking the gun on the back stroke....Bob