If I understand correctly, this 9 FPE gain was on a gun where the valve, transfer port, and barrel port are larger in area than stock (0.187" instead of 0.141").... Please correct me if I got that wrong.... When you increase the flow area by 76% in one section, areas that weren't restricted (or not enough to make much difference) before will then benefit from enlarging.... The same thing applies if you have all the ports bore-size, then retracting the bolt (using a J-slot) so the nose comes completely back behind the barrel port, will give you that last little bit of performance.... Calculating the area is a good guide for where to look for improvements, but sometimes simply looking at a part will tell you what needs to be done.... This is an example of that.... The calculated area around the stock probe in the chamber is slightly larger than the 0.187" barrel port, but just looking in the hole tells you it's in the way.... Kudos to Shorty for recognizing that.... Bob